Who argues that language consists of grammaticalized lexis, not lexicalized grammar?

Who argues that language consists of grammaticalized lexis, not lexicalized grammar?

• A. Michael Lewis
• B. Jane Willis
• C. Dave Willis
• D. Krashen

Answer: (A)

The main idea tested is that language is built from lexical units that carry grammar with them, rather than grammar rules standing apart and shaping vocabulary. This view, known as the Lexical Approach, is associated with Michael Lewis. He argues that real language use relies on ready-made chunks and collocations, and the grammatical patterns we need are embedded within these lexical items. So, language is essentially grammaticalized lexis—the grammar is distributed across the vocabulary we memorize and use—rather than lexicalized grammar, where grammar would be learned as separate rules applied to words. Krashen’s work centers on input for acquisition, not on this lexical-grammar relationship, and Jane Willis and Dave Willis contribute to teaching within this framework, but the specific claim about grammaticalized lexis comes from Lewis.