Which term refers to slips caused by temporary factors such as a learner being tired or nervous?

Which term refers to slips caused by temporary factors such as a learner being tired or nervous?

• A. Slips
• B. Lapses
• C. Mistakes
• D. Errors

Answer: (A)

Slips are execution errors that happen even when the plan is correct, driven by momentary factors like fatigue or nerves. When a learner is tired or nervous, attention can drift and an action is performed that doesn’t match the intended one—for example, selecting the wrong lever or button while the intended sequence is correct. This distinguishes slips from lapses, which are memory failures such as forgetting a step, and from mistakes, which are flawed plans or decisions based on incorrect knowledge. While "errors" is a broad term, the specific label for this kind of momentary execution failure is slips.

Slips are execution errors that happen even when the plan is correct, driven by momentary factors like fatigue or nerves. When a learner is tired or nervous, attention can drift and an action is performed that doesn’t match the intended one—for example, selecting the wrong lever or button while the intended sequence is correct. This distinguishes slips from lapses, which are memory failures such as forgetting a step, and from mistakes, which are flawed plans or decisions based on incorrect knowledge. While "errors" is a broad term, the specific label for this kind of momentary execution failure is slips.