Which term describes an error made when a learner applies a rule in a context where it does not belong (for example adding -ed to an irregular verb)?

Which term describes an error made when a learner applies a rule in a context where it does not belong (for example adding -ed to an irregular verb)?

• A. Overgeneralisation
• B. Recast
• C. Processing instruction
• D. Negotiation of form

Answer: (A)

This item tests how learners generalize a rule beyond where it applies. When a learner forms past tense by adding -ed to every verb, including irregular ones, they produce forms like “goed” for “go” or “eated” for “eat.” This shows they’ve learned a general pattern and are trying to fit all verbs to it, even when the real form is irregular. Overgeneralisation is the best label because it specifically captures applying a known rule to contexts where it doesn’t fit due to irregular exceptions. The other terms describe teaching methods or interaction processes (how feedback is given, how instruction is conducted, or how learners and others negotiate forms) rather than the type of error itself.